Files

File Structure in C

• Files are continuous sequences of bytes ending with an EOF (End Of File) indicator.

• Current position denotes where read/write operations occur.

• Files can be in text or binary format.

File Handling Functions

Opening a File:

FILE *fopen(const char* restrict name, const char *restrict mode);

Renaming a File:

int rename(const char *oldname, const char *newname);

Closing a File:

int fclose(FILE *filePtr);

Deleting a File:

int remove(const char* filename);

Reading Characters from a File:

int fgetc(FILE *filePtr);
int getc(FILE *filePtr);

Reading Strings from a File:

char *fgets(char *str, int nchars, FILE *stream);

Reading Formatted Input:

int fscanf(FILE *stream, const char *format, ...);

Writing Characters to a File:

int fputc(int c, FILE *filePtr);
int putc(int c, FILE *filePtr);

Writing Strings to a File:

int fputs(const char *str, FILE *stream);

Writing Formatted Output:

int fprintf(FILE *stream, const char *format, ...);

Miscellaneous Functions:

• Checking for end of file: int feof(FILE *filePtr);

• Flushing data to file: int fflush(FILE *filePtr);

• Get current file position: int fgetpos(FILE *stream, fpos_t *pos);

• Set file position: int fseek(FILE *stream, long int offset, int whence);

• Get current position in file: long ftell(FILE *stream);

Example of Repositioning File Stream:

Using fseek(), you can move the file pointer to a desired location.

Writing/Reading Integers:

Use putw() to write and getw() to read.

Flushing a File:

fflush() flushes the output buffer of a file stream.