# Domain 3: Technology

## <mark style="color:red;">**Deploying & Operating in the AWS Cloud**</mark>

### <mark style="color:yellow;">**Ways to Provision and Operate in AWS**</mark>

#### <mark style="color:purple;">**Programmatic Access:**</mark>

* <mark style="color:orange;">**APIs:**</mark> Set of routines and tools for building AWS software.
* <mark style="color:orange;">**SDKs:**</mark> Collection of software tools and libraries specific to various programming languages.

#### <mark style="color:purple;">**AWS Management Console:**</mark>

* Web-based interface for AWS management.
* Features drag-and-drop capabilities to deploy AWS resources.

#### <mark style="color:purple;">**CLI:**</mark>

* Allows direct command line instructions for AWS resources.
* Ideal for scripting and automations.

#### <mark style="color:purple;">**Infrastructure as Code (IaC):**</mark>

* Use scripts to provision and manage AWS resources.
* Tools like AWS CloudFormation and terraform allow for IaC.

| **Deployment Models**          | **Description**                                                   |
| ------------------------------ | ----------------------------------------------------------------- |
| All in with Cloud/Cloud Native | Fully utilizing cloud services without on-premises resources.     |
| Hybrid                         | Mixture of on-premises resources with cloud services.             |
| On-Premises                    | Traditional infrastructure without significant cloud interaction. |

### <mark style="color:yellow;">**Connectivity Options**</mark>

* <mark style="color:orange;">**VPN:**</mark> Securely connect your on-premises network to the AWS cloud.
* <mark style="color:orange;">**AWS Direct Connect:**</mark> Establish a dedicated network connection from your premises to AWS.
* <mark style="color:orange;">**Public Internet:**</mark> General connectivity method but less secure.

***

## <mark style="color:red;">**AWS Global Infrastructure**</mark>

### <mark style="color:yellow;">**Relationship Among Regions, Availability Zones, and Edge Locations**</mark>

* <mark style="color:orange;">**Regions:**</mark> Separate geographic areas to ensure data redundancy and compliance.
* <mark style="color:orange;">**Availability Zones:**</mark> Physically isolated data centers within a region.
* <mark style="color:orange;">**Edge Locations:**</mark> Multiple distributed locations globally, primarily used by CloudFront (CDN) to cache content close to end-users.

<figure><img src="https://4247064012-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FFLaJdzZGSq1DpczuSySw%2Fuploads%2FFb4fwLHE9qftSorfdqLw%2Fimage.png?alt=media&#x26;token=4ee55022-4cf8-4302-a31c-95fde0bdc79c" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

#### <mark style="color:purple;">How many Availability Zones does a typical AWS Region have?</mark>

> a) 1\
> b) 2-3\
> c) 5-6\
> d) 10

{% hint style="success" %}
b) 2-3
{% endhint %}

### <mark style="color:yellow;">**Achieving High Availability**</mark>

* <mark style="color:orange;">**Disaster Recovery/Business Continuity:**</mark> A strategic advantage of utilizing multiple regions.
* Use of multiple Availability Zones to ensure fault tolerance and minimize downtime.
* Some countries or industries require data to be stored in specific geographies.

### <mark style="color:yellow;">**Benefits of Edge Locations**</mark>

* <mark style="color:orange;">**Amazon CloudFront:**</mark> A content delivery network to distribute content globally with low latency.
* <mark style="color:orange;">**AWS Global Accelerator:**</mark> Boosts the availability and performance of applications.

***

## <mark style="color:red;">**Core AWS Services**</mark>

### <mark style="color:yellow;">**Categories of Services on AWS**</mark>

#### <mark style="color:purple;">AWS services can be classified into different categories based on their function:</mark>

1. <mark style="color:orange;">**Compute:**</mark> Services tailored for processing capabilities.
2. <mark style="color:orange;">**Storage:**</mark> Services related to data storage and retrieval.
3. <mark style="color:orange;">**Network:**</mark> Tools and services that relate to networking features.
4. <mark style="color:orange;">**Database:**</mark> Services for structured and unstructured data storage and management.

### <mark style="color:yellow;">**Compute Services**</mark>

#### <mark style="color:purple;">AWS offers several compute families tailored for different needs:</mark>

* <mark style="color:orange;">**General Purpose (e.g., t2, m5):**</mark> Balanced CPU, memory, and networking.
* <mark style="color:orange;">**Compute Optimized (e.g., c5):**</mark> For CPU-intensive workloads.
* <mark style="color:orange;">**Memory Optimized (e.g., r5, x1):**</mark> For memory-intensive applications.
* <mark style="color:orange;">**Accelerated Computing (e.g., p3, f1):**</mark> Leveraging hardware accelerators, or co-processors.

#### <mark style="color:purple;">**Services Providing Compute:**</mark>

* <mark style="color:orange;">**Amazon EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud):**</mark> Provides resizable compute capacity. It's like having a virtual machine but in the AWS cloud.
* <mark style="color:orange;">**AWS Lambda:**</mark> A serverless compute service. You just provide the code and AWS runs it without you provisioning or managing servers.
* <mark style="color:orange;">**Amazon Elastic Container Service (ECS):**</mark> A fully managed container orchestration service.

#### <mark style="color:purple;">**Elasticity through Auto Scaling:**</mark>

* AWS Auto Scaling allows you to maintain application availability. It dynamically adjusts its capacity to maintain steady, predictable performance at the lowest possible cost.

#### <mark style="color:purple;">**Purpose of Load Balancers:**</mark>

* AWS offers Elastic Load Balancing with three types: Application Load Balancer, Network Load Balancer, and Classic Load Balancer.
* Distributes incoming application traffic across multiple targets, like EC2 instances, containers, and IP addresses, in one or more Availability Zones.

### <mark style="color:yellow;">**Storage Services**</mark>

* <mark style="color:orange;">**Amazon S3 (Simple Storage Service):**</mark> Object storage service offering scalability, data availability, security, and performance.
* <mark style="color:orange;">**Amazon EBS (Elastic Block Store):**</mark> Block storage service for EC2 instances. Allows persistent data storage.
* <mark style="color:orange;">**Amazon S3 Glacier & S3 Glacier Deep Archive:**</mark> Storage services optimized for infrequently accessed data, and long-term archiving with cost-efficiency.
* <mark style="color:orange;">**AWS Snowball:**</mark> A physical data transport solution, more secure and faster than internet-based transfer methods.
* <mark style="color:orange;">**Amazon EFS (Elastic File System):**</mark> Managed file storage for use with AWS Cloud services and on-premises resources.
* <mark style="color:orange;">**AWS Storage Gateway:**</mark> Hybrid cloud storage service that provides on-premises applications access to cloud storage.

### <mark style="color:yellow;">**Networking Services**</mark>

* <mark style="color:orange;">**VPC (Virtual Private Cloud):**</mark> Provides a private section of the AWS cloud where you can launch resources in a virtual network that you define.
* <mark style="color:orange;">**Security Groups:**</mark> Act as a virtual firewall to control inbound and outbound traffic to networked EC2 instances.
* <mark style="color:orange;">**Amazon Route 53:**</mark> A scalable domain name system (DNS) and domain name registration service.
* <mark style="color:orange;">**VPN (Virtual Private Network) & AWS Direct Connect:**</mark> Allow secure connection from on-premises sites to AWS. Direct Connect does so over a dedicated line for higher speed and consistency.

### <mark style="color:yellow;">**Database Services**</mark>

* <mark style="color:orange;">**Amazon EC2 vs. AWS Managed Databases:**</mark> While you can manually set up databases on an EC2 instance, AWS managed database services, like RDS and DynamoDB, offer easier management, backups, and scalability.
* <mark style="color:orange;">**Amazon RDS (Relational Database Service):**</mark> Managed relational database service with various database engines like MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQL Server, etc.
* <mark style="color:orange;">**Amazon DynamoDB:**</mark> Managed NoSQL database service known for single-digit millisecond performance.
* <mark style="color:orange;">**Amazon Redshift:**</mark> Fully managed petabyte-scale data warehouse service.

<figure><img src="https://4247064012-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FFLaJdzZGSq1DpczuSySw%2Fuploads%2Fv7XRzhfXjDhAwuc1E6fX%2Fimage.png?alt=media&#x26;token=463c9556-bf06-464b-96a7-5f616c9dc2dc" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

***

## <mark style="color:red;">**Resources for Technology Support**</mark>

* <mark style="color:orange;">**Documentation:**</mark> Comprehensive AWS documentation includes whitepapers, user guides, and reference material.
* <mark style="color:orange;">**Support Plans:**</mark> AWS offers a variety of support plans, from Basic to Enterprise.
* <mark style="color:orange;">**AWS Partner Network:**</mark> Extensive network of third-party vendors, solutions, and integrators.
* <mark style="color:orange;">**AWS Trusted Advisor:**</mark> Offers insights to reduce cost, increase performance, and ensure a secure environment.


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